acs student loan consolidation program

Projecto DRDA performance in Vizianagaram, inrespect to public policy and populist measures

* ** Himabindu NVSSuryanarayana Goteti

In previous studies on public policies have been dominated by researchers and students in political science which focuses mainly on the institutional structure and the philosophical rationale of the government. Emphasis is placed on the politicians themselves rarely. Studies Previous difficulty in recognizing the role of organizations in developing policy. However, politics is an important element of policy.

It is important to understand the concept of a public discussion of public policy. We often use terms such as "public interest" Public sector "and" public health "and so on. The point of this strategy is that public policy has to do with areas that are so marked and the public. Public dimension refers generally to control public property or public purpose. The public understands that the field of human rights activity, which is considered to need government intervention or a joint action. However, there was always a conflict between what is public and private.

As the idea of the public, the concept of politics is not a precise term. policy means, among other things, guidelines for action. You can take the form of – (a) A statement of the objective, (b) a statement of courses of action, (c) a general statement of the object – And (d) A decision authoritarian.

Unfortunately, the policy itself is something that takes different forms. There is no pulse Policy to designate the outputs of the political system and policy to a lesser extent public policies related to define more or less face many different activities. Studies of public policy areas, however, aim to focus on the evaluation of decisions policies in terms of values specified in a rational rather than political analysis.

Overall, the policy can be defined as a deliberate course of action taken or adopted by the government in achieving certain goals or objectives. Public policy made by the authorities in a political system, namely, seniors, executives, legislators, judges, etc.. These are the people involved in the daily affairs of the political system, are recognized by most members of the system and the responsibility for these issues. Proceedings initiated by the recognition as Most of the time required by the majority of members provided they act within the limits of their duties.

Importance of the Study:

Public policies can cover a substantial part of its activities which are compatible with development policy. The socio-economic or confidence or even general guidelines for action can be regarded as a development policy or national objective. Policies public may be narrow, covering a specific activity, such as family planning. Public policy can be applied all the inhabitants of a country or may be limited to a portion of his people. In addition, each level of Government – national, regional and local – can have their specific policies or General. Then there is the enormous political will, "which are general guidelines to follow specific policies. Mega policies form a sort of master of politics, unlike discrete concrete policies and objectives include the establishment of general Guide to the broader policy concrete and specific.

Public policy in the modern political system are statements of purpose or goal oriented. Once again, a public policy can be positive or negative in form. In its positive form, can involve some form of action government to address a particular problem arises. By In addition, it negatively. This is a decision of officials not to take a decision on certain matters on which the order is sought government. Public policy has a quality that is necessary for citizens to recognize legitimate. This quality of legal constraint of public policy making agencies other than private bodies.

The policy is closely related to decision making. However, is not the same as the decision-making. involves political decisions, but the decision is not necessarily a policy. The decision often involves identifying a problem, a thorough analysis of alternatives and selection of alternatives action. Generally, decisions are taken by managers in their daily work in the context of different policy. Policy decisions to finally give a sense of direction in the fields of administrative action.

The policies are different goals and can be distinguished from it by extremities. For the objectives or goals of a way to extreme to which they are directed action. It is reasonable to expect that a policy to indicate the direction in which action is sought. Involve a deliberate policy of targeted actions to achieve these goals and objectives. Actions may take the form of guidelines to do or refrain from acting. Public policy is about means and ends, they must be a relationship between them. To say that the policy involves a choice of goals or objectives is to show that the values are involved.

Approach problem:

This study aims to research on "Performance of DRDA Projecto in Vizianagaram, inrespect to political public and populist measures "policy, and with the objectives established on the influence of values. Makers often act on the basis of their beliefs or perceptions of public interest which is proper or morally sound public policy. Supreme Court of Justice Studies indicate that judges are influenced by political values to decide cases.

The policy must be distinguished from the planning. In general terms, a plan is a program of action to achieve the goals and objectives. In this sense, a plan is a statement of policy and planning involves politics. Oten goals or policies of a plan, it is not stipulated in the plan documents. Can be set only in a very general or vague, or shall be internally inconsistent or contradictory. National development plan in general terms is a set of goals or projects which, when put together can not form an integrated system.

Allocation of resources for investment and viewing targets sectors of the economy are seen as indifferent to the center of planning. However, it has been rightly said that the plan needs proper political context. Goals can be achieved because the investments are planned. They must be established within the framework of policies. effective planning policies for successful management.

Administration requires a cooperative effort by a number of people to accomplish some purpose public or private, large or small, "What is the systematic management of public affairs and the calculated use of resources, to one of those things you want to pass while preventing the development inconsistent with our intentions.

Phiffmer administration has defined "the organization and management of human and material resources to achieve goals.

According to Marshall E, Dimock, "The administration is now an area as broad management philosophy that has created a philosophy of life. "

The administrative process has a number of distinct phases, and the organization, personnel, budget, administration, policy formulation, planning, direction and control of the policy must be decided before we can attempt some thing.

Policy, a decision and what should be done and how, when and where. The term of the policy the most common social and political refers a plan of action or being viewed as a deliberate action and perception and the load receiving. Politics is not just what is (ie the positive principle), but also with what should be (for example, normative principle). Politics is a global concept, connoting a set planned actions. politics is defined as a plan of action chosen by the government, institution, group or individual among the alternatives to the light of given conditions to guide and usually determine present and future choices. In the words of Terry is a political word, written or implicit action roadmap adopted and pursued by a manager. Dimock Defines policies and rules or behaviors consciously recognized that decisions management guide. According to Koontz and Policy D. Donnell "are indications of the general or agreements, that guide or channel thinking making decisions their subordinates. term public policy refers to policies formulated and implemented by the government to achieve certain objectives. Public policy: government performance. Public policy aims to achieve defined objectives of government. For example, the eradication of poverty is a goal. rural development, urban and industrial development are in the form of development policies to achieve this overall objective. David East Policy defines as "the distribution of authentic values of society." Public policy is when the government does decide to do or not do some researchers claim "to see the differences between the program and complete specific action to achieve a given objective. They insist that the action the government should have a goal to be launched as "political." Laswell and Kaplan defines politics as "a program of projections or targets, values and practices. "

  1. The decision is generally the policy framework is a policy that may involve a series of decisions.

The question of the application becomes relevant in the context of policy analysis because it reflects what is happening with the political in terms of concrete results on the ground, such as the policy is not sufficient, but a sincere effort to implement these policies is also important. It is pertinent to mention Woodrow Wilson, who said, "it is becoming increasingly difficult to appoint a Constitution that a single framework. Running is aspect of the implementation of government activity.

Several studies of demand, while public policy analysis show several factors. First of all the different types of uncertainty often accompany the programs: space, inputs, technology and even staff may not be available at specific times and places, the imminent launch programs. Second, resources can not meet requirements and can be fluid over time. Thirdly, there are well-known problems of the organization affecting the implementation of programs within a department, a new program can not be accepted by all. A new program, may request a new organization, it takes time to evolve. Fourth, experience shows, the direction is the wealth of the organization and its programs. Especially when setting up new programs in all sectors, direction of a determents largely the result. Fifth, many government programs of several departments and, therefore, the success depends on cooperation between ministries of coordination. Sixth, under the "privatization" of philosophy, government programs are entrusted to third parties such as NGOs and private agencies. To succeed in this case would depend on the performance of "outside bodies.

Elaboration Public Policy:

  1. The whole process is actually twice the work that is under the rules above and against the persons concerned.
  2. They come from internal sources and external sources, the Special Investigation Committee made or committee, as well as research and study.

Each administrative department receives periodic reports, returns, declarations, accounts and statistics of various levels of organisms in their various activities. They are bound together and tested by the authorities and are available that the data for policy formulation. If today's emphasis on planning, statistics have become an important tool for the administration. Many departments have a special mechanism for collecting statistics on their activity, useful for policy formulation. For example, in India, departments Finance, Commerce, Industry, Food, Agriculture and Labor have their own sections of statistics and a central organization statistics attached to the Cabinet Secretariat National Survey, the Bureau of Public Enterprises. Directorate of Industrial Statistics and other organizations work to gather information and statistics. The data are properly processed, organized and interpreted the facts to the formulation of certain policies.

Identifying the main policy organs of India is not a certain proof their compulsory participation in policy formulation. If the Office of the Prime Minister has proposed a policy can not be examined in depth and in the process, some bodies may not even completely ignored. Behind the design policies, there is great interest, many factors, the perception of many and the map is not necessarily identical or similar, even with the same or similar problems emerging again. According to Krishna Menon policies "should how seldom we read in books. What we read in the works of Sir Ivor Jennings and the other treaties of non-compliance while policies. "

The Indian context:

Public policies in developing countries have acquired fundamental importance for meet the complex challenges faced by women, on the one hand and their propensity to change the regime in force in the other. Among the new nations, India has welcomed the new tasks of social reconstruction, economic modernization, political participation, the well-being, offering the freedom, equality and rights in the lives of millions. To achieve these objectives, the constitutions of India has reiterated its commitment to the welfare state, emphasis on secular ideologies, socialist, federal, parliamentary democracy. In addition, he also drew an institutional framework to act as the infrastructure needed to monitor the achievement of this objective. The social philosophy, economic and political Constitution of India is marked in the preamble, fundamental rights and principles of state policy, which provides an egalitarian ideology in the context of order liberal constitutional democracy. (14)

CDDeshmukh, Finance Minister while moving a resolution on December 20, 1954 in the economic situation of India noted, "the general objective of all public policy in the principle of the directive of the Constitution. These gifts the will of the nation and not the creed of any person or party, or the doctrine of any section. And then, while remaining within the Constitution must govern the policy overall government only, but whatever the government may have in future ". In fact, the joints are the potential to be a question public policy at both levels of government in the federal system must be made. Comment that the guiding principles of state policy are widely Ornamental unenforceable by the judiciary is not valid. Current thinking is that the Court of fundamental rights and principles are complementary and mutually reinforcing. The formal provisions of the Constitution does not give clues to the insurance of any address public policy or its content. But socio-economic provisions of the Constitution may be made to work only through the process and political dynamics of the earth.

India is committed to the creation of the welfare state as evidenced by the Constitution. The main objective of a welfare state is expressed in the Preamble and Part IV of the Constitution as shown by the fundamental principles of state policy. The objectives to ensure that all its citizens. Justice Freedom, Equality, Fraternity, secure and protect the social order. A look at the provisions included emphasis on the determination of fathers founders of our Constitution. Try to find a balance between rural development and urban planning by government agencies well coordinated. Unsurprisingly, this decision has reinforced the notion of Bienestarism India. Accordingly, gave birth to the notion of populist. Therefore, the analysis Public policy must be analyzed from the perspective, but objectively.

populist measures:

In application of the provisions contained in Part IV of the Constitution, and the objective conditions of development planning and the role of leadership is required establishment of a series of development programs, particularly rural development programs. Born as a result of competition between political parties to remain in power. Several political parties and groups that are designed differences in social and economic policies that are both development and welfare-oriented policies is named as Populists, who act as important elements of public policy. Various strategies have been convinced by the populist political parties, including regional. populist politics is, in fact, the need of the hour, India is an ancient civilization, but more of a new nation late in many areas. They feel India is still "a nation in formation." India is perhaps the only major country whose leaders are determined to transform the traditional society in a modern and developed country. The political process 1970 has seen a greater emphasis on populist policies, which are either basic in nature or intent to transfer benefits to specific groups targets. At the state level also, parties and groups have tended to accept the political well-being populist, not only as a type of development strategy, but also recognized as politically expedient and rewarding electorally. Series of anti-poverty programs of rural development as 20-point economic programs, SFDA, porn, DPAP, Irdi, Jawahar Rojgar Yojana etc., have been implemented to improve the poorest of the poor. alternative policy approaches to problems poverty and growing inequality in the Third World should not require one or two specific policies, but for a package related policies and support. (15) For many less developed countries like India, a major factor contributing to the continued weakness of the life-changing a culture of poverty is the uneven distribution of economic and political power between rich and poor. Each has specific needs, without which life is unthinkable. Here maintenance of life must include basic human needs like food, shelter and protection, when any of them are absent or scarce, it is assumed there is a condition in preparation.

The welfare state is positive functions in addition to acting as a police officer responsible for the maintenance of public order, in a word that promotes the welfare of man. Concept of well-being is necessary to perform the socio-economic change, which ultimately For example, prepare the ground to promote the greatest happiness of the greatest number. welfare programs to refer programs to protect citizens against economic risks and uncertainties. Establish rules of a divine parent, a nurse, director and industry. The duties of a welfare state, clearly state that in modern times has become an instrument of socio-economic development. A welfare state is a society with a set of government programs, the protection of minimum standards of living of families and individuals against loss of income due to economic instability, disease and disability in old age and disintegration of the family. All modern welfare states across various details of their program in the delivery of social protection measures for its citizens.

Social protection and its manifestations in the forms social services, welfare and its manifestations in the forms of social services, social reform, social security etc., have come to occupy a important use in the twentieth century. However, social protection in its rudimentary form in repressive societies the desire of people help each other in case of need and stress, which is deeply rooted in human nature. On the other hand all the world religions to control his devotees and disciples practice compassion and showed concern for his neighbor in particular for those in danger and deprivation and to help by donating some of their income on agency charitable. Thus, through the centuries and around the world, the humanitarian impulses have marked the beginning of social protection.

Andrews, Rhys and other (2009) studied "Centralization, Organizational Strategy, and" Performance of the public. One of the basic functions of public managers is create appropriate structures that can provide stability and institutional support system for many other elements of organization Internally, such as values and routines.

Anne Stevens (2009) studied representative bureaucracy – What, Why and How?. Problems representation have become more and more weight in European countries with attempts to find mechanisms to increase the representation of women, including several types of quotas and parity legislation. This article examines the extension of the idea of bureaucracies.

Chris Game (2009) studied just over 100 years, five women and one exceptionally pioneer became the first legitimately elected female members of the English county councils and county municipality. Although obviously important, the odds of Women Act of 1907 which led to his election was far from the only ones that have influenced the participation of women in local government elections.

Craig R. Smith (2009) studied the determinants "institutional cooperation: an empirical study protection of the county open space (Survey). In this article the author has sought to add to this growing literature arguing that institutions are an important component of the partnership, as the signal to potential partners together political commitment by the government. In credibly commit a policy, governments can reduce uncertainty and gain cooperation without the need to build confidence through the conduct of business.

Dr.Pantricia Dr.Rosalyn Hamilton and Proops (2008) found that professionals are well aware of the difficult decisions they face. On the one hand, an abused child back to abusive parents can literally be a matter of life or death, the other parents lose their children to feel devastated.

Money Control.com (ed.) (2009) studied "Two populist measures Lalu save a gray day." This article revealed that Lalu Yadav When He left this morning to present the interim railway budget in the possession of the United Progressive Alliance, who would have expected not only to find statistics impressive panel of railways, but also to balance profitability with feature Elan populist policies – and not without an eye on parliamentary elections.

Peter Riddell (2007) called "loss of populist measures but little sense of an overall strategy. "Conservatives are in doubt about early elections. In a sense, he does not want it, that each speaker and deputy to whom the author acknowledges that the party could not win an absolute and almost certainly could not become the largest party.

Prof.Gray King, Department of Government, Harvard University (2009) studied Policy analysis', "The relatively new field of political methodology is growing exponentially, is improving empirical work in all areas of discipline, and even make a major contribution to empirical and methodological scholarship and outside the borders Diffuse political science. Political analysis of chronic these fascinating developments in publishing the scholarship of the most sophisticated in the field.

Sabina Siebert (2009) studied "the gender balance in local council in Scotland. Women represent more than 40 cent of the directors of the community in Scotland, however, the evidence suggests they are less likely to develop the advice of local authorities. Into this article This study examines the barriers to greater participation of women in participatory democracy, and based on the analysis of empirical data suggest some ways to promote a more gender equity in local councils in Scotland.

Sir Rodney Brooke (2008) examine needs of public confidence in family courts. "He said that social workers are not responsible for their actions is wrong. As indicated in their article, the company workers were forced to register with the General Social Welfare Council (GSCC) since 2005. In register, sign up for a code of practice that sets standards that should work. The vast majority of the 93,000 registered social workers to provide excellent services at a high level.

Edit AFP South Asia (2009) article on "Populism Pips India Financial Crisis Pool Award at trial. The publisher has revealed that four years of rapid growth is a record number of governments the roofs of the trumpet at election time, but the party to power in India is to give the data object of a wide margin ahead of polls this week.

CJ: Abhishek Behl (2008) taking into account the general election years, the Minister of Railways Lalu Prasad Yadav today presented a reduction of supply populist budget train fares of railways, many new trains and concessions, and a provision for special trains to meet the needs of the Indian masses.

Subramanian, Narendra (2007) studied "Populism in India." populist political forces have played an important role in Indian politics, and varied in its vision of the political community, social groups targeted in the policies and their impact on democracy. The National Congress Indian Populists are aspects between the two wars, and again under the leadership of Indira Gandhi in the 1960s to the late 1970s. Movements and the parties representing the language and caste groups also used populist rhetoric and methods of mobilization, and implemented populist policies.

Sudheendra Kulkarni (2009) made in "Why India is increasingly populist." Not being an expert in etymology, suggested I do not know how the populism of the word "origin. However, careful observers and participants in the discourse on the political economy of India knows that populism is an interesting way to come into our country. To be vilified as "bad economics" since the advent of liberalization in early 1990 by a section of the intellectuals who had embraced the credo "the West is the best, has been dedicated as an honorably essential to the policy of "good" by the major political parties.

The Republic of India is a large country with a population of more than one billion people spread over 3.28 million km ². It has a federal structure of 35 states and union territories divided into 600 districts. India has 32 languages and numerous dialects. In the 19th century, Britain had assumed political control of virtually all Indian lands. In 1947, the people of India declared its independence. India located in South Asia, bordering Burma, Bhutan, China, Nepal and Bangladesh along the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. India has a diverse landscape with flat plains around the Ganges, deserts in the west and the Himalayas in the north. The nationality of the ethnic groups of India is India Indic comprising 72% of the population groups comprising 25% Dravidian, and Mongoloid and other 3% are the rest. The languages are Hindi as national language is the primary language: 30% of the population. There are 14 other official languages, English is spoken in business and political circles. According to the United Nations, the lines of poverty in each country are generally used due to variations between countries and is influenced by local tastes and cultural norms. However, no definition is particularly sensitive to the requirements qualitative, such as health, housing and education. According to the ADB in 1999, India had 26.1% of the population below national poverty line represented 27.1% in rural areas and 23.6% in urban areas.

India's economy includes traditional farming village modern agriculture, handicrafts and a wide range of modern industries and support services. India is an important exporter of services and software workers.

Economic growth slowed in 2002 due mainly to a fall caused by drought in agriculture. The industry saw increases, which should continue in 2003 and should lead to a modest recovery in GDP growth. If the normal monsoon, the economy should increase by 6% in 2003, with agriculture and services have increased on average. Exports should increase by over 15% in 2003, based on demand World more and more. Inflation should remain moderate at around 5%. The budget deficit will be maintained at average 9.5% of GDP for the year 2003. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) averaged 6% during the 1990s, however, fell to an average of 5% in fiscal 2000 to exercise 2001. During fiscal 2002 (ending March 31, 2003) GDP growth was about 4.4%. The overall decline in GDP growth over recent years is mainly attributable to a decrease in the growth of service sectors and externalities, as a worldwide recession, drought, the impact of the high government budget deficit and slow the progress of reforms in some sectors. The Asian Development Bank provides growth of 6.3% of GDP in 2003 to agriculture and services have increased on average.

U.S. GDP was about $ 2,660,000,000,000 in 2002, agriculture 25%, while manufacturing and trade up by 29.7%. The Government provides support systems for the social service sector and the last 10 years has increased four times the amount budgeted by the welfare regimes castes, other backward classes and minorities, the well-being and development of tribes. The Government also provides separate allocations for the disabled (disabled) under separate regimes. Based on the government "economic assessment by the Disbursements for social sector development to fiscal year 2000, rural development, employment and poverty reduction in most social protection schemes in 42% of expenditure total social sector. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Life expectancy at birth was 60 years for men and 61.7 years for women. It is estimated that by the WHO since 1992, there were 48 doctors and 45 nurses, respectively, per 100,000 people living in India. The total health expenditure percentage of GDP in 2000 was 4.9% according to WHO, while public expenditure on health as percentage of total government expenditure in 2000 was 5.3%. WHO estimates that 3.9 million people living with HIV / AIDS in 2000, while only 350,000 deaths were linked to HIV / AIDS in 15 years Age 49 population in the same period. The total estimated prevalence rate among adults was 0.8% of the total population.

Bansal R, John S Ling, PM (2005) has an article on cigarette advertising in Mumbai, India: targeting different socioeconomic groups, women and the "Yough.

Despite a recent increase in the tobacco advertising ban and the recent publicity (awaiting execution at the time this study), there are few studies describing current cigarette marketing in India. This study evaluates the strategies of tobacco companies Marketing in Mumbai, India.

Rijo M. John (2006) examined the decisions of households' consumption snuff. This article analyzes distribution of consumption patterns, socio-economic and the choice of the home to a variety of products to snuff in rural and urban India. Using a multinomial logic model, we examine the conduct of the election to decide whether a house and snuff products for consumption.

Editorial (2009) an article on "The socio-economic problems of India. India is constitutionally a secular state, but the large-scale violence took place regularly in India since independence. In recent decades, communal tensions and the policy based on religion became more important, coinciding with a rise of Islamic terrorism.

Vannhim (2009) studied "Inequality India's male. "In this study, the author says:" No nation, no society, no community can hold its head high and claim be part of the civilized world if it approves the practice of discrimination against half of humanity represented by women, "It was one of the first sentence of the speech Minister Manmohan Singh at the national conference to oppose gender inequalities in 2006, but In reality, this situation is becoming worse and worse, especially when the widespread practice of aborting female fetuses is happening every day more without people's attention and strict law.

  1. Thus, socio-economic offer an opportunity to understand in general the situation an individual.

The socio-economic enables an individual to assert his position in society. Education, employment and income gains affect how individuals' behavior. These achievements of individuals inspire confidence and encourage their participation in social and political. qualities as a depraved religion cases and also have an important role to play, especially in the situation in India to determine the character of a person. The lower caste status is an obstacle in the path of a person to achieve their goal. This would be done by the researcher investigate the socio-economic Vizianagaram District and in the analysis of populist measures that have arisen during the conduct of this study.

Socio-economic profile Vizianagaram District:

No two districts can say the same in terms of area, size population, strategic location, natural resources, cultural patterns, social structures, political dynamics and economic development. The Republic of India occupies the central sector of the Asian subcontinent is the continent of Asia is the second most populous country, and the seventh most large country in the world to 439 districts.

Andhra Pradesh is a State of India with 23 districts and is a district of Vizianagaram Andhra Pradesh. Andhra Pradesh is divided into four natural regions namely., Andhra, Rayalaseema and Telengana regions.

Historical Background:

History of Vizianagaram district is connected to the past gray Kalinga, one of the political divisions of ancient India. Only in modern times the party Superior Kalinga was gradually merged into Orissa and Andhra lower region.

After the abolition of the Zamindars Visakhapatnam district in 1948 unwidely found that for administrative purposes. Therefore, in Srikakulam district was Sculpted in 1950, stands in Visakhapatnam district. The Constitution of Vizianagaram district in 1979, transferring the taluks of Parvathipuram, Kurupam, Salur, Bobbili, Cheepurupalle BADANG Srikakulam district and some taluks of Visakhapatnam is the latest development in the history of the neighborhood.

Vizianagaram District Geographic profile:

Vizianagaram District formed the 23rd District State June 1, 1979 with headquarters in Vizianagaram in terms of GOMs.No: 700/Revenue (U) Department, May 1979 Dt.15th with carved and Srikakulam district of Visakhapatnam.

The district is part of the plains northern coastal Andhra Pradesh and lies between 17 ° – 15 ° "and 19 -15 'N latitude and ° from 83-0 to 83 ° – 45' longitude. Bordered on the east by Srikakulam district, west and south by the Visakhapatnam district in the south-east of the Bay of Bengal and the north-west by the State of Orissa.

The district was formed with nine taluks know., Viianagaram, and Gajapathinagaram Srungavarapukota taluks Bhogapuram District Visakhapatnam, Bobbili, Parvatipuram, Salur, and Cheeprupalli Kurupam Srikakulam district. In December 1979, three more were added by creating taluks Nellim, Viyyampeta duly GummaLakshmipuram BADANG and the bifurcation of taluks Vizianagaram, Srungavarapukota, Bobbili and Kurupam taluks respectively taluks total to 13 and they have been subdivided into 52 Firkas. For administrative convenience, the district is divided into two divisions namely income. And Parvathipuram Vizianagaram. May 1985, Firkas taluks and were replaced by 34 mandals in the district average.

Population:

Population this district is reported in the Census – 1981 Census 18.04 lakhs, 21.10 lakhs 22.49 lakhs in 1991 and 2001 population. This clearly indicates that increasing gradually from one census to another. Male population in 1981 is 8.99 lakhs Census, 1991 and 2001, followed by 11.20 lakhs 10.55 lakhs. Considering that the female population census of 1981 reported that 9.05 lakh followed by the 1991 census and 2001 lakhs 10.55 lakhs 11.30. From the above we can conclude the gradual increase of population in the category of women is higher than male population.

In addition, the total population 22.49 lakhs in the district census report of 2001 that caste population is 2,38,023 (1.058%). Of a total population of men lakhs 11.20, the males SC is 1,19,116 (10.63%), which was 11.30 lakh female population is 1,18,907 Female SC (10.52%).

Agriculture

Agriculture is important in this district, rice, peanuts, sugar cane Mazie, Bazra Kora, from which Redgram etc., is preferred important crop for sugar cane in the demand for sugar industries in the district. Cultivating Mesta, rice, peanuts, Mazie are preferred by farmers. Farmers are less preferred to cultivate Bazra Redgram Korr.

Land affected by Agriculture Subject:

Ac.3512.00 of soil, entrusted to persons of caste Ac.745.00 (21.22%), the tribesmen Ac.1042.00 (29.67%), with people back Ac.1586.00 class (45.16%) and other Ac.139.00 cts. (3.95%).

  1. District Administration, in a sense encompasses a wide spectrum of public administration in India.

Administrative District includes all government agencies, individual agents, servants and public officials. Includes all institutions to manage public affairs in the district, all legal persons such as panchayats of various types, panchayats, municipal councils of all kinds. Thus, administration District is the primary point of contact between the citizen and the process of government. It is the vanguard of public management tool and is what makes it vital for the government of the nation.

Development Factors:

The development is affected by a number of factors such as natural resources, environment, technology and economic growth, which are interactive and interdependent. Environment, Resources natural as earth, water, forests, fisheries, minerals and the economy, including among other things, production, consumption and distribution activities are interactive and interdependent. The report of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), says that our future Common was the first international initiative that has increased the awareness of policymakers on the complexity of the relationship between environmental problems, growth and economic needs of people, rich and poor.

After independence, India adopted a development strategy under the Constitution of India has declared a socialist state Democratic committed to the socio-economic justice through the democratic process and organized planning. Planning is necessary both at the individual level, district, regional and national levels. Their need is to provide directed by both socialist and capitalist countries. In developing countries is becoming once more he realized that, without planning, it is impossible to have economic development and solve the economic problem of the nation, by the hand and industrialize the country, on the other. Planning is necessary to end poverty and unemployment. It is a rational human behavior. Planning at both administrative and social levels economy is increasingly playing an important and significant role in our social, economic and policy implementation.

The first Five Year Plan from (1951-52 to 1955-56) was twofold. It was to correct the imbalance in the economy and ensure a balanced development of all. further increase national income and achieving a steady improvement in living standards over time. The plan gives priority to agriculture, including irrigation projects and power, transport and communication.

The second Five Year Plan 1956-1957 (1956-57 to 1960-61) for the establishment of a socialist society in India. It provides up to 25 per cent increase in national income, giving priority to rapid industrialization with an emphasis on basic industries and heavy. Expanded the horizon of opportunities for reduce inequalities in income and wealth and achieve a better distribution of economic power.

Third Five Year Plan 1961-1962 (1961-62 to 1965-66) for marking progress toward self-sustaining growth and ensuring an increase in national income over 5 percent year to increase 30 per cent. His goal was to achieve the goal, giving priority to self-sufficiency in basic grains and increase production agriculture to meet the requirement of industry and exports. It also aims to develop basic industries like steel products chemicals, fuel and power and establish machine building capacity needs of further industrialization. Its purpose was to use fully the resources of the country's workforce and ensure a significant increase in employment opportunities. In addition, the objective to establish equal opportunities and gradually increased to achieve the reduction of disparities in income and wealth distribution more equitable economic power.

Mid-60s was one of the critical periods in the history of the Five-Year Plan India. Series of attacks left many economists to reflect on the effectiveness of planning in India. The first series the crisis was the war between India and Pakistan in 1965. India's economy has been devastated requires no effort on the part of economic planning in the country. The first two decades of development planning in India has begun to implement development programs Rural such as community development projects, our national awareness of the reform of Agricultural and Agricultural Cooperatives. Although it began with base rates that do not benefit much, or affected groups, the rural community. In 1968, the Planning Commission held a series of studies on the problems of small farmers in different areas. The small farmer Development Agency System (FADS) 1971 was launched to provide special preferential arrangements for the provision of inputs to small farmers viable potential. During the Fourth Five-Year Plan, together with Another organization called SFDA Marginal farmers and agricultural laborers Development Agency (MFAL) has been introduced to help workers and sub-marginal farmers landless. Although the SFDA covered the entire district, just MFAL tahasils apples. The Fourth Five-Year Plan of 1969 (1969-70 to 1973-74) aimed at raising the living standards of people through programs at the same time promoting equality and social justice. The plan focused on improving conditions of the poorest and weakest members of society, including by providing jobs and education. The efforts also aim to reduce concentration and wider distribution of wealth, income and economic power.

The dual objective of Five-Year Plan 1974-1979 (1974-75 to 1978-79) were to eliminate poverty and achieve self-sufficiency. 4.37 per cent provided the overall growth of gross domestic product, the expansion of employment productive, a national minimum needs, the emphasis on agriculture, the main basic industries and the production of consumer goods, the expansion social protection programs and a fair price.

During the Fifth Five Year Plan, the Programme launched 20 points July 1, 1975, and a precursor of "Garib Hata program to improve the conditions of the poorest sectors in society. A revised program was revoked July 14, 1982 has been the subject of the request from 1982 to 1983 and beyond. Progrmme coverage has been expanded to include a number of major concerns social, such as water, health facilities, family planning, expansion of education, equality women, justice castes and tribes. It aims to generate new opportunities for the youth, housing for disadvantaged areas, improving productivity of agricultural production and reducing income inequalities, removing social and economic disparities, improving Quality of life and environmental protection.

The new 20-Point Programme 1986 prepared under the leadership of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, in the light of experience implementing the program with 20 points, 1975 and 1982. Typically, improve and quality of life of people. It is a statement of intentions, but the Charter of the empowerment of the poor.

Sixth Five Year Plan 1980-81 (1980-81 to 1984-85) has been developed taking into account the achievements and short walks past three decades of planning. Janata government has set their own goals, but before the plan could be implemented by the government of the power and the Congress (I) Government has prepared its own plan. The plan to eliminate poverty and make the country self-sufficient, while acknowledging that the task of this magnitude could not be done in a short period of five years. The main strategy was to strengthen the infrastructure for both agriculture and industry to create the conditions for the growth of investment, production and exports and provided with special programs designed for this purpose. The objective of the plan document should create employment opportunities, particularly in the rural sector and non-union and meet basic minimum needs of the population. In addition, the document intended to achieve the goals through the participation of citizens in the formulation of specific projects of local development. His goal was faster and secure effective implementation and achieve a growth rate of 5% per year and gross domestic product to 3.3% per year.

1985-1986 Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-86 to 1989-90) entered into force 01.03.1985 and covered the 1985-89 plan. This is the main strategy is to eliminate poverty, ensuring social justice, economic development and technological expansion and achieve a significant reduction in growth rate population. Emphasis was placed on agriculture by introducing land reforms, irrigation, drainage and management of multiple cultures. I wanted also self-industrial economy and greater development of human resources. wanted to focus on the fight against the poverty programs. The main objective of the plan is to eliminate illiteracy, unemployment and poverty and provide food, clothing and housing, health, education and other basic services by the minimum program requirements. According to some critics there was nothing new in the strategies and programs, however, a new hope seems to have been caused by the reconstruction of the Planning Commission and the liberalization of imports in order give impetus to the development and increase customs revenue.

  1. This was well above the long-term trend 3.5 percent per year and also above the average annual trend growth of 4.3 percent per year over the ten 1974-75 to 1984-85.

The development of agriculture will inevitably be a priority. Problems in terms of associated crops, ground water management and productivity, industries processing agricultural products, diversification, development of backward areas of technology necessary for permanent to modernize agriculture carefully formulated plans for the solution of problems. It was argued that agriculture should receive priority over Industrial Given the size, nature and demographic characteristics and other parts of the country. It is considered by many, if India seeks to enter the 21st century, we must emphasize faster growth in industries. Help to achieve the desired objective of providing increased employment. A notable feature of the plan document has tried to redefine the role of small industries. He insisted on the creation or development of agro-industrial in rural areas. Through this document, the objective to achieve the goal of self-sufficiency.

Human development has been the goal ultimate. The effort of the plan aims to achieve job creation, population control, literacy, education, health, drinking water. In addition to providing adequate food and basic infrastructure were other priorities. As a positive step, the planning process of India seeks to provide leadership and participation of a key element in the development process.

  

Work in the Vizianagaram district DRDA:

District administration is defined as the management of public affairs in an area defined for this purpose. After independence, the district administration has become a partner in the development process in which the collector emerged as a global agent of the State Government occupies a pivotal position. Since the implementation of development programs, the task was Appeals for consideration of missionary zeal, and all the activities of prospective scientific penetrating selfless service. With the introduction of Panchayati Raju, the structure has emerged at the district level, where the association of collectors with the system and the emerging role assigned under this varies from state to state. The role of collector in the development of the administration can not find a way clear and precise. Except for revenue, order and natural disasters, its coordinating role seems unclear. In recent years, while the Union and state governments have launched several special projects, collectors face gnawing problem of intersectoral transfer of funds.

The implementation of five-year plans for rural development is ultimately the responsibility of the district administration, when the collector district plays a key role. Initially, he was in charge of revenue collection, and then he gave me administrative responsibilities and for judicial enforcement. Now, he is also responsible for development work in his constituency. There's no limit to what a district judge may ask what is considered too much for him is the work of development. The task of the implementation of development programs is very difficult and takes time. Patience is required, tack, dedication and vision. Therefore, we need a dedicated group of men and women who have dedicated their lives to development work.

To reduce the burden of overseeing the collection development work, development of functions collectors have been created in the name of "Project Officer ITDA project lookafter for use in the tribal areas and the plains of responsibilities Agency must be given to the respective services. Ultimately was decided to create an integrated organization. The task of the organization was to monitor and implement effective programs to fight against poverty. Consequently District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) has been created in 1980 with the collector president.

By analyzing the function of DRDA should be noted that the global burden of planning the implementation, monitoring and evaluation All programs against poverty in the district can be divided into large areas. Firstly, to keep the neighborhood informed and Mandal bodies settings Fundamental and program requirements and the task all of them. On the other hand, coordinate and supervise the election, making future plans and annual plan of the blocks and, finally, developing a district plan. In third place to monitor and evaluate the implementation by government agencies and government programs to ensure effectiveness. Fourth ensuring intersectoral and inter-departmental coordination and cooperation. Fifth, to publicize the achievements of the program and disseminate knowledge and awareness programs. Sixth periodically send the state government in the prescribed formats. Coming to the functions of DRDA in the Vizianagaram district can be taken to the idea clear analysis and evaluation of programs the fight against poverty, rural development, which are implemented in this district.

BRGF (Grameen Rojgar Yojana):

The funds under the scheme in 2007-08 in the 11th Plan period have been released under the approval by the High Power Committee BRGF planning. The objective of this plan is intended to eliminate inequalities evolution of the region and provide funds if the failure to arrive the implementation of development activities. In this scheme were 50%, 30% and 20% of grants to Gram Panchayats, Mandal Zila Praja Parishads and Prajaparishads municipalities and four, respectively.

Technology Project of fashion:

Project Fashion Swarna Jayanti Gram Technology Yojana Swarajgar system is initiated by the Government of India under the plan SGSY-II to improve the additional income for companies working on their own. To achieve the objective of this plan is estimated at Rs.1215.32 lakhs a sum. Includes an amount of Rs.218.02 lakhs as the first stage and the Government of India and the share of Rs.72.67 bare the costs under this system. The device will be maintained for three years from October 2006 in September 2010. Therefore, since 7000 self-funded groups are trained in embroidery, clothing preparation. In the first phase an amount of Rs.86.00 lakhs was spent during four months of training for instructors of the Institute said NIFT trained 30 women to the production Clothing peak, 40 women were trained in surface preparation Armament. Agency District Rural Development has developed machinery and tools Eastern District Godavary affordable prices. The DRDA make efforts through this system, 780 members after the completion of their training and are employed in various industries of clothing and even 680 members will be completed in the coming months. On the other hand, has provided DRDA 300 slot machines and TTDC Mahilapranganam, 150 slot machines Nellim, Garividi, and 100 machines Cheepurupalli S. Kota mandals for the training of unemployed women. The DRDA make the necessary steps to form unemployed women 300 members in Bobbili Mahilapranganam, Dwakra Bazaar, on the surface Armament Vizianagaram. (Source: DRDA, Vizianagaram District).

Limited APHousing Council:

During 2007-2008 under the IAY (Indira AVASA Yojana) The sanction of Rs.1080.75 lakhs provided in Annex 4323 castes and tribes of online community have benefited. Thus, housing 4174 houses have been built and completed, and an amount of Rs.939.15 have been spent for this purpose in the 34 mandals in Vizianagaram district.

Prime Minister Gram Shadak welfare Activities Yojana:

The plan aims to provide transport services for a better broadband connection Way National Trail. Accordingly, priority has been given to the development of road facilities in all rural areas. The total road works were carried out training 203.38 kms. in this district and a sum of Rs.2867.04 lakhs have been spending way.

Integrated waste land for Development (IWDP)

The SID program was introduced in 1999-2000 for the use of public lands for cultivation. Under this scheme, Rs.2670.00 lakhs has been allocated since 1999 until 2000 from 2006 to 2007 to use 48,500 hectares of land spread over the whole the 34 mandals in Vizianagaram. Therefore, the sum of Rs.1640.76 lakhs (61.45%) was used for the development of 31,416 (64.77%) hectares Wasteland has been taken for agriculture purposes to use.

Development Programs Micro-irrigation:

It is the policy of the AP, the state government of electric motors / diesel engines will be supplied to farmers with a subsidy of 70% to Irrigation dropwise. Therefore, Rs.50, 000 / – each peasant family is eligible to purchase machines water. When SC and ST farmers community can afford to pay 10% of the loan to your subscription and 20% margin percent of the money must be supported by the respective Company SC / ST and the rest of the loan money will be awarded to each farmer. Therefore, 1617 peasant families using the facilities use 3154 hectares of land in this district in the program of micro-irrigation development.

The water supply in rural ARSWS under the scheme:

DRDA According to statistics of 2874 villages in Vizianagaram district in the drinking water was provided 1600 (55.67%) of people and the rest of 1274 (44.33%) people are still not available in drinking water.

NEDCAP AP:

The program is implemented and the development of biogas plants and their use to save coal, oil, wood and using these natural resources of others especially in rural areas and to protect the health of rural women. This scheme is intended farmers and low-caste and tribal farmer. Apart from the costs of a unit of the plant bio-gas Rs.9750 / -, an amount of Rs.5500 / – Is given to each farmer, the subsidy and the remainder must be borne by the farmer to repay the loan subject to the same Government in a database for easy installation. According NEDCAP, Vizianagaram been provided to 500 units was granted Rs.48.75 lakhs in the measure. Starting at 27.50 lakhs which was given to the granting and Rs.21.25 lakhs being the person.

Gram Panchayat:

The substantive examination of the development of a nation depends on the village, in all respects. In this spirit, grants are awarded to the gram panchayat to meet development activities in the respective villages in the district of Vizianagaram. Of the total grants Rs.14.35 lakhs released by the Government of India, an amount of Rs.13.06 lakhs (91%) was provided. In addition, an amount of Rs.10.37 lakhs (79.4%) for sanitation, Rs.2.67 (20.44%) of water and Rs.0.02 lakh (0.153%) was spent for other purposes.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA):

Rajiv Vidya Mission (SSA) scheme operating in this district is to provide facilities for schools in rural and urban areas to achieve the national goal of providing "education for all" as the theme Constitution to provide education to all children under 14. During the academic year 2006 -2007, an amount of Rs.1249.99 lakhs has been provided for the construction of 540 additional classrooms. Out including 363 rooms class built and costs at a rate of Rs.1140.92 lakhs has been made and the additional amount of Rs.109.07 lakhs are still required to comply with the construction of 177 classrooms remain.

During 2007-2008, an amount of Rs.806.20 lakhs has been estimated that the costs for construction of 278 classrooms for all schools in need in rural and urban areas. Accordingly, the Director of Rajiv Vidya Mission, the Government of AP, helped launch the execution. However, construction of 150 classrooms has been completed with an amount of Rs.297.25 lakhs to be released Rs.508.95 lakhs and subsidy has not yet been released to complete the construction is 128 classrooms in the respective schools in this district.

The SSA has also granted Rs.7.20 lakhs to ensure minimum services in the urban water supply, construction of 18 toilets, etc. According SSA 6 Lavotories were built to provide drinking water in four schools at a cost of Rs.11.50 lakhs and the remaining 12 toilets for construction is underway.

The goal of SSA is to provide "education for all." For example, teaching 2617 children aged 6-8 years. The SSA has also spent an amount of Rs.22, 00,900 / – During the period 2007-2008, compensation Teachers Article 183 paid are paid at the rate of Rs.1500 / – each per month.

The system based on home-schooling is also established by the SSA during the period 2007-2008 to provide education for 288 children with physical disabilities in their home and 20 people are dedicated resources Mandal amount Rs.5000 / – hours to be paid.

Similarly, SSA, Vizianagaram also provided Rs.44, 44,502 / – during the period 2006-2007 39 Bridge Courses provided education of child labor to meet the objective constitutional.

CONCLUSIONS

According to Subramanian, Narendra (2007) populist political forces played an important role in Indian politics and his vision have changed the political community, social groups targeted in the policies and their impact on democracy. The Indian National Congress had populist issues in the inter-war period, and then on again

About the Author

* Goteti Himabindu, M.A(Pol.)., M.Li.Sc., M.A (Edn.)., B.Ed., M.Phil., (Ph.D). Teaching Associate, Department of Politics., Andhra University Campus, Vizianagaram. (AP)., India e-Mail- gotetihimabindu@yahoo.com. ** N.V.S.Suryanarayana, M.Sc (Chem)., M.Sc (Geo)., M.A (Eng)., M.A (Phil)., M.A (CC&E)., PGDCA., PGDEPM., PGDIPM., CFA., CPFN., CIG., C.Yoga&Con;., M.Ed., M.Phil. (Ph.D). Coordinator & Teaching Associate, Department of Education, Andhra University Campus, Vizianagaram, (AP)., India,e-Mail – suryanarayananistala@yahoo.in.

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